June 2008
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Disaster response
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A method for decontamination of animals involved in floodwater disasters |
Highlights: • Superficial contaminants key in water disasters • 3 sequential stations used for decontamination • Protocol can be applied to small or large animals
Efficacy hard to gauge; observation important |
View article (PDF, 225 KB) |
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Stjepan Soric, Michael P. Belanger, Carin Wittnich |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008;232:364-370. February 1, 2008.
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Equine rescue and response activities in Louisiana in the aftermath of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita |
Highlights: • 500 horses rescued; 500 volunteers participated • Problems caused by unauthorized rescuers • Permanent identification invaluable in reuniting
Train volunteers in Incident Command System |
View article (PDF, 375 KB) |
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Rebecca S. McConnico, Dennis D. French, Bonnie Clark, Ky E. Mortensen, Martha Littlefield, Rustin M. Moore |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;231:384-392. August 1, 2007.
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Epidemiologic features of pet evacuation failure in a rapid-onset disaster |
Highlights: • 40% dogs, 75% cats not evacuated with owners • Risk factors included lower standard of care • Many owners believed pets not at risk
Cat carriers key to cat and human evacuations |
View article (PDF, 229 KB) |
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Sebastian E. Heath, Susan K. Voeks, Larry T. Glickman |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:1898-1904. June 15, 2001.
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Risk factors for pet evacuation failure after a slow-onset disaster |
Highlights: • Half of households failed to evacuate all pets • Dogs living outdoors at greater risk • Lack of cat carriers also linked to failure
Advance warning encourages owner self-reliance |
View article (PDF, 199 KB) |
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Sebastian E. Heath, Alan M. Beck, Philip H. Kass, Larry T. Glickman |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:1905-1910. June 15, 2001.
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Seroprevalence of Dirofilaria immitis, feline leukemia virus, and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among dogs and cats exported from the 2005 Gulf Coast hurricane disaster area |
Highlights: • Lack of veterinary care, abandonment linked • Plausible that rescued pets have more disease • Found prevalance same as in general population
Relocating to low prevalence areas a concern |
View article (PDF, 705 KB) |
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Julie K. Levy, Charlotte H. Edinboro, Carmen-Susan Glotfelty, Patricia A. Dingman, Aundria L. West, Kathy D. Kirkland-Cady |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;231:218-225. July 15, 2007. |
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Disaster relief management of companion animals affected by the floods of Hurricane Floyd |
Highlights: • 450 animals affected, 750 volunteers involved • Field hospital operational within 72 hours • Medical supplies, food, transportation donated
Rapid sourcing of supplies, personnel was key |
View article (PDF, 204 KB) |
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Lola C. Hudson, Helen M. Berschneider, Kelli K. Ferris, Sally L. Vivrette |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:354-359. February 1, 2001. |
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The veterinarian's role in preparedness and response |
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The veterinary profession's duty of care in response to disasters and food animal emergencies |
Highlights: • Veterinary role in national disasters unclear • Incident Command System is national standard • National policy needed for veterinary involvement
Consider ICS training as CE for all veterinarians |
View article (PDF, 317 KB) |
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Kenneth E. Nusbaum, Bernard E. Rollin, James S. Wohl |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;231:200-202. July 15, 2007. |
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Psychologic first aid and veterinarians in rural communities undergoing livestock depopulation |
Highlights: • Depopulation likely in severe disease outbreak • Many stressors identified in 2001 FMD epidemic • Psychologic first aid includes reflective listening
Rural veterinarians can lead during outbreaks |
View article (PDF, 274 KB) |
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Kenneth E. Nusbaum, James G. W. Wenzel, George S. Everly Jr |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;231:692-694. September 1, 2007. |
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Veterinary accreditation and some new imperatives for national preparedness |
Highlights: • Accredited veterinarians aid federal government • Presidential Directives outline veterinary roles • Stay informed of reportable diseases, diagnostics
Get to know the Incident Command System |
View article (PDF, 314 KB) |
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James G. W. Wenzel, James C. Wright |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;230:1309-1312. May 1, 2007. |
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Public health roles for small animal practitioners |
Highlights: • Shortage of veterinarians in public health growing • SA practioners could be regulatory surge capacity • Small animals may serve as sentinels for disease
Much untapped potential in SA practitioners
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View article (PDF, 378 KB) |
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James S. Wohl, Kenneth E. Nusbaum |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;230:494-500. February 15, 2007. |
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The role of the equine practitioner in disasters |
Highlights: • Educating clients in preparedness is top role • Forming local disaster response plans also key • Veterinarian services in rescue may be unique
Preparedness saves more lives than response
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View article (PDF, 53 KB) |
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John E. Madigan, Jacqui Whittemore |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2000;216:1238-1239. April 15, 2000. |
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Biosecurity and bioterrorism preparedness
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Biological terrorism against animals and humans: a brief review and primer for action |
Highlights: • Veterinarians are key in disease surveillance • Agricultural bioterrorism a serious threat • Production in livestock should be monitored
CE on foreign animal diseases needed
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View article (PDF, 56 KB) |
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Donald L. Noah, Harvey R. Crowder |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:40-43. July 1, 2002.
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The ABCs of bioterrorism for veterinarians, focusing on Category A agents |
Highlights: • Category A agents are most critical to public health • Clinical signs, zoonotic potential discussed • Veterinarians may be first to detect an outbreak
Be aware of the most likely bioterrorism agents |
View article (PDF, 194 KB) |
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Radford G. Davis |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:1084-1095. April 1, 2004. |
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The ABCs of bioterrorism for veterinarians, focusing on Category B and C agents |
Highlights: • B, C agents less likely to cause widespread harm • Potential for massive economic disruption, deaths • Learn to recognize intentional release of an agent
Prompt disease identification, reporting are key |
View article (PDF, 152 KB) |
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Radford G. Davis |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;224:1096-1104. April 1, 2004. |
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Awareness-level information for veterinarians on weapons of mass destruction and preservation of evidence |
Highlights: • Important to know agents of mass destruction • Agents: Chemical, biological, nuclear, explosive • Postdisaster environment poses additional risks
Be prepared to serve as responder; stay informed |
View article (PDF, 176 KB) |
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James G. W. Wenzel |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;230:1816-1820. June 15, 2007.
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Awareness-level information for veterinarians on control zones, personal protective equipment, and decontamination |
Highlights: • Important to understand emergency response • 3 control zones for all incidents: Hot, warm, cold • Decontamination plan should address species
Get to know Incident Command System |
View article (PDF, 181 KB) |
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James G. W. Wenzel |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;231:48-51. July 1, 2007.
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Veterinary expertise in biosecurity and biological risk assessment |
Highlights: • Biosecurity practiced every day by veterinarians • Many do not recognize biosecurity skills as such • Disaster reponse requires advance preparation
Limiting spread of disease before it is seen is key |
View article (PDF, 338 KB) |
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James G. W. Wenzel, Kenneth E. Nusbaum |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;230:1476-1480. May 15, 2007.
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Description of an epidemic simulation model for use in evaluating strategies to control an outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease |
Highlights: • FMD model is a tool for biosecurity planning • Authors evaluated potential eradication strategies • Control models included slaughter, vaccination
Simulation useful when information is incomplete |
View article (PDF, 263 KB) |
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Thomas W. Bates, Mark C. Thurmond, Tim E. Carpenter |
Am J Vet Res 2003;64:195-204. February 2003. |
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Search-and-rescue dogs
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Search-and-rescue dogs: an overview for veterinarians |
Highlights: • Search drive, temperament, trainability are key • Dogs turned in to shelters may be ideal for SAR • Concern: Treatments that affect sense of smell
Be able to screen dogs for work-limiting problems |
View article (PDF, 109 KB) |
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Katherine E. Jones, Karen Dashfield, Amanda B. Downend, Cynthia M. Otto |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:854-860. September 15, 2004.
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General toxicologic hazards and risks for search-and-rescue dogs responding to urban disasters |
Highlights: • Assume urban disaster sites highly contaminated • Toxins may be solids, liquids, particulates, gases • SAR dogs at high risk from respiratory toxicants
Recognizing route of exposure is key to treatment |
View article (PDF, 70 KB) |
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Sharon M. Gwaltney-Brant, Lisa A. Murphy, Tina A. Wismer, Jay C. Albretsen |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:292-295. February 1, 2003.
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Toxicologic agents of concern for search-and-rescue dogs responding to urban disasters |
Highlights: • Specific common toxins are discussed • Hydrocarbons, PCBs, metals head the list • Routes of exposure, outcomes detailed
Knowledge of sequelae will aid long-term care |
View article (PDF, 127 KB) |
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Lisa A. Murphy, Sharon M. Gwaltney-Brant, Jay C. Albretsen, Tina A. Wismer |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:296-304. February 1, 2003.
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Management and prevention of toxicoses in search-and-rescue dogs responding to urban disasters |
Highlights: • Prompt, appropriate treatment vital • Priority is "treat the patient, not the poison" • Dermal absorption important in urban SAR dogs
Don't wait to confirm toxin before starting treatment |
View article (PDF, 94 KB) |
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Tina A. Wismer, Lisa A. Murphy, Sharon M. Gwaltney-Brant, Jay C. Albretsen |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:305-310. February 1, 2003.
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Medical and behavioral surveillance of dogs deployed to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon from October 2001 to June 2002 |
Highlights: • Compared health of deployed dogs to controls • Serum results suggested antigen, toxin exposure • Blood values of both groups within normal limits
No adverse affects within 1 year of deployment |
View article (PDF, 129 KB) |
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Cynthia M. Otto, Amanda B. Downend, James A. Serpell, Lisa S. Ziemer, H. Mark Saunders |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:861-867. September 15, 2004.
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Deployment morbidity among search-and-rescue dogs used after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks |
Highlights: • 65 of 96 dogs studied had deployment morbidity • GI upset, fatigue, dehydration among complaints • 6-fold higher morbidity in WTC dogs vs Pentagon
Injury, illness affected most dogs, but all minor |
View article (PDF, 113 KB) |
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Kimberly A. Slensky, Kenneth J. Drobatz, Amanda B. Downend, Cynthia M. Otto |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2004;225:868-873. September 15, 2004.
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Assessment of acute injuries, exposure to environmental toxins, and five-year health surveillance of New York Police Department working dogs following the September 11, 2001, World Trade Center terrorist attack |
Highlights: • 17 of 27 dogs had health disorders in 1st week • No evidence of Bacillum anthracis exposure • Mild biochemical abnormalities were found
Only mild health problems during 5-year follow-up |
View article (PDF, 600 KB) |
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Philip R. Fox, Birgit Puschner, Joseph G. Ebel |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2008;233:48-59. July 1, 2008.
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The modern working dog—a call for interdisciplinary collaboration |
Highlights: • Guide dog schools are models for collaboration • 10 professions in National Academies of Practice • Professions unite to maintain guide dog teams
Collaboration promising for human-animal bond |
View article (PDF, 80 KB) |
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Patricia N. Olson |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:352-355. August 1, 2002. |
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Preparedness and response policy
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Organizational aspects of disaster preparedness and response |
Highlights: • Knowledge of Incident Command System is vital • ICS is cornerstone of organized disaster response • National Response Plan: Use local plans first
Plan in advance for successful role in ICS |
View article (PDF, 354 KB) |
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James G. W. Wenzel |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;230:1634-1637. June 1, 2007.
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Veterinary legal issues: 2006 in review |
Highlights: • Veterinary law has been expanding for years • Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina spurred changes • State laws now address animal care in disasters
PETS Act: Evacuation plans must include pets |
View article (PDF, 163 KB) |
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Elizabeth L. Settles, Sarah L. Babcock |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2007;230:350-352. February 1, 2007.
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Report of the 2006 National Animal Disaster Summit |
Highlights: • 2005 hurricane responders met at AVMA summit • Roadblocks to response efforts were identified • Recommendations developed for improvement
Top problem was lack of coordination, control |
View article (PDF, 200 KB) |
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Bonnie V. Beaver, Robert Gros, E. Murl Bailey, Cindy S. Lovern |
J Am Vet Med Assoc 2006;229:943-948. September 15, 2006. |